Exploring Death in the Novels, Moby Dick and Ahabs Wife :: Moby Dick Essays

Investigating Death in the Novels, Moby Dick and Ahab's Wife Nineteen years of my life has passed. By age nineteen, Una Spencer of Ahab's Wife had encountered various patterns of happiness and segregation, security and misfortune. I can't claim to state that I have lived even as hardly a sincerely wild life as Una's, yet like a great many people, I can say something of misfortune and penance. One of the last things my grandma said on the emergency clinic bed in which she kicked the bucket was to ask my mom whether I had been acknowledged to my first-decision school. I was not with my grandma when she kicked the bucket, yet the way that she had gotten some information about something so unimportant and superfluous about my life uncovers the manner in which she saw her own life and demise: without romanticizing, lament, or dread. She rather left my family with a heritage of adoration, magnanimity, and excellence. Try not to ask when you will kick the bucket. Ask how you can live more fully...Am I passing on? No. I am living until I can live no more (Caputo). Expressed by an essayist with terminal malignant growth, this citation includes how I need to carry on with my life, which is the reason I make some troublesome memories understanding the characters of Moby Dick and Ahab's Wife, especially those of the previous. A considerable lot of the group on cursed Pequod realized that their boat was bound for death, yet they didn't fight their part, but instead acknowledged their unavoidable destiny with an aloof abdication as if they had kicked the bucket even before they ventured foot on the boat. They kicked the bucket as though to maintain a strategic distance from the agony of living; an aloof self destruction. The team of the Sussex, notwithstanding, was less unmistakable in their ability to take their lives since they had driven a similarly satisfying presence. Giles and Kit had their friends hip to enjoy on calm evenings, while Captain Fry had Chester to cherish. These characters were not inwardly void, only feeble of soul excessively dependant on transient calm waters to guard them. Demise is by all accounts an intermittent nearness in the two books. Practically the entirety of the characters of Moby Dick die before the finish of the novel, while a considerable lot of the individuals whom Una cherishes are unexpectedly taken from her life. Be that as it may, there is an error in the way wherein the different characters meet their end. The two skippers are self-destructive, however there is an a lot bigger component of bitterness in Captain Fry's demise.

Modernity of Buddhism and Christianity

Advancement of Buddhism and Christianity Adib Rahim Draft: Tribal to Universal Religion Brief: Historians contend that strict customs develop inside and through conventions and convictions that as of now exist. These new religions get from, adjust, and dismiss more established customs, and their thoughts can frequently be followed back to different existing frameworks of conviction. The archives gathered in Tribal to Universal Religion assist you with following piece of that ancestry. Depending on a full examination of the structure, style, and setting of these reports, consider how new religions break out of their restricted setting: How do Buddhism and Christianity draw from more seasoned customs while making something new? Students of history have contended that conventions from religions have risen inside customs and convictions that have just existed previously. These religions regularly acquired, adjusted or dismissed the more established conventions to make what their religions are presently today. These religions acquired fundamental beliefs yet veered off. For instance we see this thought with Buddhism and Hinduism and Christianity and Judaism. We see an adjustment of old thoughts and new plans to speak to individuals at an opportunity to end discussion over the primary arrangement of qualities accepted at that point. Christianity extended huge numbers of the qualities and thoughts of Judaism and yet diverges from the religion changing course. Christianity and Judaism are for the most part comparative as they have faith in this one god who is this omnipotent force. Christianity and Judaism likewise will in general offer estimations of the Hebrew book of scriptures (Old Testament) however Christianity includes the New Testament to. Paul turned into the most energetic minister of Jesus, going all through the Mediterranean changing over nonbelievers and comparing with networks of individual adherents Paul spread his gospel to other people who were neither Jewish nor had known Jesus In this statement we see that the Pauls goal was to get the message out of god. Like Judaism there is by all accounts this accentuation on this commitment to god. Jews were viewed as just put in this world to be just committed to god. This thought is spoken to with this thought of circumcision. Circumcision in the Old Test ament was an emblematic demonstration to show your dependability/commitment to god to which a Jewish male was entered to a contract with god. The person who isn't circumcised genuinely but then complies with the law will censure you who despite the fact that you have the composed code and circumcision, are a culprit. Regardless of whether you are a Jewish male observing Judaism laws yet you are not genuinely circumsized you arent really Jewish. However, theres additionally this comparable thought with Christianity that contract with god is through the acknowledgment and conviction of your god. Christians werent just bound to stamp with this characteristic of circumcision. We see a similar thought with Judaism. A man isn't a Jew in the event that he is just apparently, nor is circumcision only outward and physical. No a man is a Jew on the off chance that he is one deep down: and circumcision of the heart, by the soul, not by the composed code. We see this comparing thought of circum cision all through the two religions. This benefit of being joined to just god is seen through the two religions. In contrast to Judaism, Christianity accepted that Jesus as god. Following the enduring of those days the sun will be obscured, and the moon won't give its light; the stars will tumble from paradise, and the forces of paradise will be shaken. At that point the indication of the Son of Man will show up in paradise, and afterward all the clans of the earth will grieve, and they will see the Son of Man going ahead the billows of paradise with force and extraordinary brilliance. What's more, he will convey his holy messengers with an uproarious trumpet call, and they will accumulate his choose from the four breezes, from one finish of paradise to the next. This statement from the Christian book of scriptures shows how Jesus is celebrated as this omnipotent resembling god depicting with much force and authority. We see phrases like stars will tumble from paradise and the forc es of the paradise will be shaken . This indicative language affects dread inside the peruser which the expectation of a divine being should be as youre just dread ought to be god. In Buddhism we see that there are esteems and convictions that branch off of Hinduism yet at the same time veer off. The two religions have faith in this thought of rebirth and this thought enduring is brought about by connection to things and individuals in this physical world. There are two kinds of Hindus which are the Vedas and Upinishads There are two sorts of Buddhism ordinarily known Theravada and Mahayana. Theravada Buddhism accepts vigorously on Buddha. Mahayana Buddhism trusts in this conviction that these genuine creatures exist in different domains however they can't help individuals in our physical world. The two of them share the basics of Buddhism yet they despite everything emerge distinctively in certain viewpoints. Not at all like Hinduism anybody can enter this condition of nirvana regardless of your position in the public eye or this station framework. We are acquainted with the young people of Buddha in Buddhism:Gotamas disclosure we see his first experience with this thought of Universal torment. We see Buddha being taken to a recreation center by his charioteer in his carriage. He experiences 4 unique men changing his view on his way of life. First he sees a man who is enduring with mature age. The second experience he sees a man who is enduring with infection. The third experience he sees passing. This experience leaves Buddha exceptionally befuddled as he is scrutinizing this thought of life, if life is just brimming with enduring of mature age, ailment and passing. He at that point experiences a man who is seemed to have a shaven head and a yellow robe that can be depicted as singular. Buddha follows this man to disattach himself from all inclusive misery. Was Buddha really a divine being or rather only a being loaded up with knowledge. Associating this plan to Hinduism we see this thought of examining the essentials concerning the idea of life, passing and the proper behavior in understanding to your religion in The Bhagavad Gita. We are acquainted with arrive at along these lines of otherworldliness is to be honest. We see this parallel with the two religions with karma versus Dharma. Karma is the demonstration of something towards dharma which is a hallowed obligation. Each activity that we do has an equivalent response and throughout their lifetime in the event that one is agreement with this celestial we can step by step work our karma. The individual whose psyche is in every case liberated from connection, who has stifled the brain and faculties, and who is liberated from wants, achieves the preeminent flawlessness of opportunity from Karma through renunciation. Convincingly we see the change of old thoughts that religions use to build up their fundamental beliefs. We see this comparing thought with Christianity and Judaism and Buddhism and Hinduism.

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Alcohol Hangover Biology, Physiology and Preventions

Alcohol can have various biological and behavioral effects on the body. People who consume alcohol to intoxication often experience what is known as a hangover. Hangovers result in unpleasant physical and mental symptoms including fatigue, headache, dizziness, and vertigo. While there are some suggested treatments to curb the effects of a  hangover, the best way to prevent a hangover from occurring is not to consume alcohol. Since the effects of most hangovers subside after 8 to 24 hours, time is the most effective remedy for alcohol hangover symptoms. Alcohol Hangover Hangovers are a frequent, though unpleasant, experience among people who drink to intoxication. Despite the prevalence of hangovers, however, this condition is not well understood scientifically. Multiple possible contributors to the hangover state have been investigated, and researchers have produced evidence that alcohol can directly promote hangover symptoms through its effects on urine production, the gastrointestinal tract, blood sugar concentrations, sleep patterns, and biological rhythms. In addition, researchers postulate that effects related to alcohols absence after a drinking bout (i.e., withdrawal), alcohol metabolism, and other factors (e.g., biologically active, non-alcohol compounds in beverages; the use of other drugs; certain personality traits; and a family history of alcoholism) also may contribute to the hangover condition. Few of the treatments commonly described for hangover have undergone scientific evaluation. Key Takeaways: Alcohol Hangover People who drink alcohol to intoxication may experience a hangover. Symptoms of a hangover include fatigue, headache, increased sensitivity to light and sound, red eyes, muscle aches, and thirst.Alcohol contributes to a hangover by causing electrolyte imbalances and dehydrtion, gastrointestinal disturbances, low blood sugar, and disruption of biological rhythms.Time is the best treatment for a hangover as symptoms diminish over 8 to 24 hours. The best cure for a hangover is prevention. A hangover is less likely to occur if a person drinks small, nonintoxicating amounts of alcohol.Consuming fruits and fruit juices is reported to reduce hangover intensity. Consuming bland foods with complex carbohydrates (toast) helps counter low blood sugar and relieves nausea.Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (ibuprofen) help to reduce alcohol associated headache and muscle aches. Antacids help alleviate nausea and gastritis. What Is a Hangover? A hangover is characterized by the constellation of unpleasant physical and mental symptoms that occur after a bout of heavy alcohol drinking. Physical symptoms of a hangover include fatigue, headache, increased sensitivity to light and sound, redness of the eyes, muscle aches, and thirst. Signs of increased sympathetic nervous system activity can accompany a hangover, including increased systolic blood pressure, rapid heartbeat (i.e., tachycardia), tremor, and sweating. Mental symptoms include dizziness; a sense of the room spinning (i.e., vertigo); and possible cognitive and mood disturbances, especially depression, anxiety, and irritability. Alcohol Hangover Symptoms Constitutional: fatigue, weakness, and thirstPain: headache  and muscle achesGastrointestinal: nausea, vomiting, and stomach painSleep and biological rhythms: decreased sleep, decreased REM(rapid eye movements), and increased slow-wave sleepSensory: vertigo and sensitivity to light and soundCognitive: decreased attention and concentrationMood: depression, anxiety, and irritabilitySympathetic hyperactivity: tremor, sweating, and increased pulse and systolic blood pressure The particular set of symptoms experienced and their intensity may vary from person to person and from occasion to occasion. In addition, hangover characteristics may depend on the type of alcoholic beverage consumed and the amount a person drinks. Typically, a hangover begins within several hours after the cessation of drinking, when a persons blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is falling. Symptoms usually peak about the time BAC is zero and may continue for up to 24 hours thereafter. Overlap exists between hangover and the symptoms of mild alcohol withdrawal (AW), leading to the assertion that hangover is a manifestation of mild withdrawal. Hangovers, however, may occur after a single bout of drinking, whereas withdrawal occurs usually after multiple, repeated bouts. Other differences between hangover and AW include a shorter period of impairment (i.e., hours for hangover versus several days for withdrawal) and a lack of hallucinations and seizures in hangover. People experiencing a hangover feel ill and impaired. Although a hangover may impair task performance and thereby increase the risk of injury, equivocal data exist on whether hangover actually impairs complex mental tasks. Direct Alcohol Effects Drinking too much alcohol can damage your liver.   SCIEPRO/Science Photo Library/Getty Images Alcohol may directly contribute to a hangover in several ways, including the following: Dehydration and Electrolyte Imbalance: Alcohol causes the body to increase urinary output (i.e., it is a diuretic). Alcohol promotes urine production by inhibiting the release of a hormone (i.e., antidiuretic hormone, or vasopressin) from the  pituitary gland. In turn, reduced levels of antidiuretic hormone prevent the  kidneys  from reabsorbing (i.e., conserving) water and thereby increase  urine  production. Additional mechanisms must be at work to increase urine production, however, because antidiuretic hormone levels increase as BAC levels decline to zero during hangover. Sweating, vomiting, and diarrhea also commonly occur during a hangover, and these conditions can result in additional fluid loss and electrolyte imbalances. Symptoms of mild to moderate dehydration include thirst, weakness, dryness of mucous membranes, dizziness, and lightheadedness - all commonly observed during a hangover. Gastrointestinal Disturbances: Alcohol directly irritates the stomach and intestines, causing inflammation of the stomach lining (i.e., gastritis) and delayed stomach emptying, especially when beverages with a high alcohol concentration (i.e., greater than 15 percent) are consumed. High levels of alcohol consumption also can produce  fatty liver, an accumulation of fat compounds called triglycerides and their components (i.e., free fatty acids) in liver cells. In addition, alcohol increases the production of gastric acid as well as pancreatic and intestinal secretions. Any or all of these factors can result in the upper abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting experienced during a hangover. Low Blood Sugar: Several alterations in the metabolic state of the liver and other  organs  occur in response to the presence of alcohol in the body and can result in low  blood  sugar levels (i.e., low glucose levels, or hypoglycemia). Alcohol metabolism leads to fatty liver (described earlier) and a buildup of an intermediate metabolic product, lactic acid, in body fluids (i.e., lactic acidosis). Both of these effects can inhibit glucose production. Alcohol-induced hypoglycemia generally occurs after binge drinking over several days in alcoholics who have not been eating. In such a situation, prolonged alcohol consumption, coupled with poor nutritional intake, not only decreases glucose production but also exhausts the reserves of glucose stored in the liver in the form of glycogen, thereby leading to hypoglycemia. Because glucose is the primary energy source of the  brain, hypoglycemia can contribute to hangover symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and mood disturbances. Diabetics are particularly sensitive to the alcohol-induced alterations in blood glucose. However, it has not been documented whether low blood sugar concentrations contribute to hangover symptomatically. Disruption of Sleep and Other Biological Rhythms: Although alcohol has sedative effects that can promote sleep onset, the fatigue experienced during a hangover results from alcohols disruptive effects on sleep. Alcohol-induced sleep may be of shorter duration and poorer quality because of rebound excitation after BACs fall, leading to insomnia. Furthermore, when drinking behavior takes place in the evening or at night (as it often does), it can compete with sleep time, thereby reducing the length of time a person sleeps. Alcohol also disrupts the normal sleep pattern, decreasing the time spent in the dreaming state (i.e., rapid eye movement [REM] sleep) and increasing the time spent in deep (i.e., slow-wave) sleep. In addition, alcohol relaxes the throat muscles, resulting in increased snoring and, possibly, periodic cessation of breathing (i.e., sleep apnea). Alcohol interferes with other biological rhythms as well, and these effects persist into the hangover period. For example, alcohol disrupts the normal 24-hour (i.e., circadian) rhythm in body temperature, inducing a body temperature that is abnormally low during intoxication and abnormally high during a hangover. Alcohol intoxication also interferes with the circadian nighttime secretion of  growth hormone, which is important in bone growth and  protein  synthesis. In contrast, alcohol induces the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone from the  pituitary gland, which in turn stimulates the release of  cortisol, a hormone that plays a role in  carbohydrate  metabolism and stress response; alcohol thereby disrupts the normal circadian rise and fall of cortisol levels. Overall, alcohols disruption of circadian rhythms induces a jet lag that is hypothesized to account for some of the deleterious effects of a hangover. Alcohol Remedies Medication can be used to relieve some symptoms of alcohol hangover.   Jamie Grill Photography/Getty Images Many treatments are described to prevent  hangover, shorten its duration, and reduce the severity of its symptoms, including innumerable folk remedies and recommendations. Few treatments have undergone rigorous investigation, however. Conservative management offers the best course of treatment. Time is the most important  component,  because hangover symptoms will usually abate over 8 to 24 hours. Drink Small Amounts of Alcohol: Attentiveness to the quantity and quality of alcohol consumed can have a significant effect on  preventing  hangovers. Hangover symptoms are less likely to occur if a person drinks only small, nonintoxicating amounts. Even among people who drink to intoxication, those who consume lower amounts of alcohol appear less likely to develop a hangover than those who drink higher amounts. Hangovers have not been associated with drinking beverages with a low alcohol content or with drinking nonalcoholic beverages. The type of alcohol consumed also may have a significant effect on reducing hangover. Alcoholic beverages that contain few congeners (e.g., pure ethanol, vodka, and gin) are associated with a lower incidence of  hangover  than are beverages that contain a number of  congeners  (e.g., brandy, whiskey, and  red wine). Eat Foods Containing Fructose: Other interventions may reduce the intensity of a hangover but have not been systematically studied. Consumption of fruits, fruit juices, or other fructose-containing foods is reported to decrease hangover intensity, for example. Also, bland foods containing complex  carbohydrates, such as toast or crackers, can counter low  blood  sugar levels in people subject to hypoglycemia and can possibly relieve nausea. In addition, adequate sleep may ease the fatigue associated with  sleep deprivation, and drinking nonalcoholic beverages during and after  alcohol consumption  may reduce alcohol-induced dehydration. Medications: Certain medications may provide symptomatic relief for hangover symptoms. For example, antacids may alleviate nausea and gastritis. Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (e.g., ibuprofen or naproxen) may reduce  the headache  and muscle aches associated with a hangover but should be used cautiously, particularly if upper abdominal pain or nausea is present. Anti-inflammatory medications are themselves gastric irritants and will compound alcohol-induced gastritis. Although acetaminophen is a common alternative to aspirin, its use should be avoided during the hangover period, because alcohol metabolism enhances acetaminophens toxicity to the liver. Caffeine: Caffeine (often taken as coffee) is commonly used to counteract the fatigue and malaise associated with the hangover condition. This traditional  practice,  however, lacks scientific support. Source Alcohol Hangover: Mechanisms and Mediators. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh22-1/toc22-1.htm.

Theme Of Character Development In Song Of Solomon

Song of Solomon’s protagonist Milkman plays a crucial role in the novel’s major focal point of character development. The novel can be appropriately labeled a Bildungsroman due to its clear and continuous creation of Milkman’s characteristics. Throughout the text readers can see changes made within the character, such as his reactions to situations and the language he uses when he is talking and thinking. Milkman commences the novel as a confused, spoiled young man who feels he deserves the world. However, at a certain point in the novel, it is clear that he reaches an epiphany, a change in heart, that matures him. The pivotal point in Milkman’s moral and psychological development is when he is alone hunting in the mountains. In this†¦show more content†¦This moment of clarity matures the protagonist of the novel. A major aspect of the plot is a hunt for gold; Milkman travels hundreds of miles to find a bag of gold left behind by his aunt P ilate or father. However, it can be inferred through the text that Milkman’s hunt for gold symbolizes his search for his family history. He is intrigued by his family’s past and wants to understand who he came from. This quest, however, brings Milkman not only knowledge of his ancestors, but maturity. The â€Å"gold† Milkman finds is in fact clarity. The monologue in this scene depicts his accumulative awareness of his actions and who he is as a person. He realizes that â€Å"...he thought he deserved only to be loved- from a distance, though- and given what he wanted† (Morrison 277). This comprehension of his selfish, merciless manner is truly the â€Å"gold† he was looking for. This hunting scene is not only significant for Milkman’s newly-found perception of himself and his actions, but it gives the protagonist a feeling of humbleness and independence. Throughout the novel, Milkman has always been extremely dependent; when he is not relying on his social status, Milkman utilizes his wealth and luxury to support his fragile personality. The Deads are a very affluent and successfulShow MoreRelatedThe Development Of Memory And Truth. After Doing Research1194 Words   |  5 PagesThe Development of Memory and Truth After doing research on Post Traumatic Stress disorder, there seemed to spark a striking argument of truth in memory based on how it is retrieved and convoluted with people’s previous perceptions. Truth and fact can be altered based on one’s viewpoint of a subject and preceding experiences. Authors can portray common themes in novels using drastically different methods such as character development, stylistic structures, and literary devices. 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Choose a novel or play and write a well-organized essay in which you show how a specific death scene helps to illuminate the meaning of the work as whole. AvoidRead More Independent Reading Project: Creating a Museum of Living Literature2134 Words   |  9 PagesLesson The focus of this project will be to share the literary analysis of major twentieth century works. The book choices will come from the list of books most likely to appear on the AP exam. Choices might include works like Catch 22, Song of Solomon, Siddartha and Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man. A list of ten or more book selections will be offered to the students. In order to familiarize students with the content and context of each work, the teacher and/or librarian will present

CRITIQUE OF CURTIS’ A NOTE TO STUDENT ART DIRECTORS Free Essays

Hal Curtis’ â€Å"A Note to Student Art Directors† is an inspirational, simple to read article about the need for greater creativity in the advertising world.   The author believes that there are formulas that are already in place and known to sell.   The art director’s job is to add more originality to the simple formulas. We will write a custom essay sample on CRITIQUE OF CURTIS’ A NOTE TO STUDENT ART DIRECTORS or any similar topic only for you Order Now    To put it another way, the author advises the budding art director not to forget about the word, ‘art,’ once he or she has managed to land a dream job in an advertising agency used to selling advertisements created with standard formulas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The most essential portion of the article driving the point home begins and ends thus: â€Å"Here’s the thing†¦. But not the art part.†[1]   To encourage art directors to remain connected to originality and creativity – central to being an artist – Curtis offers several pointers toward the end of the article.   He mentions â€Å"execution† before this.[2]   According to him, art directors must not only remain focused on fine arts but also able to convey their originality and creativity in the advertisements that they play a role in creating.   These portions of the article persuade the reader to believe in the message of the author.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although the author does not provide evidence of lack of creativity in the world of advertising, nearly everybody in the worlds of art and business is aware of the importance of creativity and innovation. A formula that sells does not ask for anything else unless an art director has risen above mediocrity to help in the creation of an advertisement that is entirely unique.   Even though Curtis does not mention this – it is quite possible for the art director’s originality to be rejected at first.   Then again, as the author would advise, it is for the art director to remain loyal to art. Bibliography Curtis, Hal. â€Å"A Note to Student Art Directors.† [1] Hal Curtis, â€Å"A Note to Student Directors.† [2] Ibid. How to cite CRITIQUE OF CURTIS’ A NOTE TO STUDENT ART DIRECTORS, Essays

Hypothetical Description Various Techniques-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Hypothetical Description Various Techniques? Answer: Introduction This chapter entails a clear hypothetical description of various techniques which will be applied in the field when carrying out research. Under this chapter, there is a description of techniques which were used in the entire chapter to enhance the researchers establishment of the gaps on organizational change. The techniques are as follows research design, research strategies, data collection methods, and data analysis. Each of these techniques is discussed in detail in this chapter. Research Philosophy This is concerned with the source, nature, and creation of knowledge. This idea appears profound it is part of completing the dissertation. The secondary and primary data were collected and then conduct data analysis to solve the research question. This way a new knowledge mushrooms. The research philosophy was pursuing in this research work was pragmatism as it involves quantitative and qualitative data analysis approach. Research Approach A research approach has a lot of interdependence with the hypothesis relevancy. In this research, the approach pursued involved deductive approach. The validity of the hypothesis was tested and the findings used to come to conclusions. Research Strategies Regarding the theoretical studies of the research, the implication of the questions of the investigation, research strategy relies on the research design. The research will use the following strategies to gather data from the field to analyze organizational change; Case study which attempts to describe relationships which can exist on the authenticity of the review problem that is organizational change, and very vivid in the Central Administrative Services Tobago (C.A.S.T). Through the case study the information may be quantitative or qualitative, and by the approach of the researcher, information gathered and the diagnostic techniques which are employed. Authenticity is caught in larger detail by an observer, on the examination of the research variables. Case studies enhance holistic review hence clear understanding since the researcher uses a wide range of tools for the research. Through this, there is the creation of space and a lot of time to establish clear understanding on the topic and to establish factors influencing the study. On the other hand, the case studies reduce the incidence of biases. The limitations of case studies are the restriction they are given hence difficult to generate the findings or data gathered as related case studies are with similar data that can be used during analysis are not available. Also, different research may have different interpretations. They have wider relevance since the data cannot be generalized since they are wide and they are time-consuming to study. The interpretations must be made with an open mind. Looking at the research from different dimensions help in identifying all the possible interpretation of the results of the study. (Fedor, Caldwell and Herold, 2006.). Secondly, the researcher will use a survey to gather information in the field that is data of practical, situations or views in each point through questionnaires and interviews. The quantitative technique can be used to in drawing inferences from the information gathered depending on the possible relationship to the study. The survey has a significance since it allows the study to be carried out intensively. Intensive study is useful since it ensures that the conclusions made at the end of the study portray the truth and has minimal biases. It is not to make conclusions that are half-baked only because of the methods used to collect data. This, therefore, leads to the observation that surveys should be used to collect data. However, to have the best results, it is to use multiple methods to collect data from the field. The use of surveys, questionnaires, observations and secondary methods of collecting data would, therefore, yield the best result for most study. The methods used shou ld, however, be directly applicable to the study. For instance, it would be advisable to use methods such as observations in an experimental laboratory setting. However, when the study involves people, questionnaires must be incorporated to reinforce the information collected through the testing. The results from the questionnaires would be useful in eliminating various assumption. The report obtained from the experiment done would, however, confirm the expectation is giving a clear view of the discussion and eliminating biases. Research Design Research design can be described as all tactics that the researcher can select to use in incorporating various elements in a systematic and comprehensible way thus enhancing the research problem under organizational change is addressed clearly. This method involves the collection and analysis of data for describing the occurrence of the currents status or condition. The research design is a section that entails research philosophies which are quantitative and qualitative. These philosophies are described in any research. The understanding of the philosophies is important for the analysis of the research study. That means therefore that, a lot of emphases should be put in the clear description of the philosophies for easier interpretation of the research by readers. Qualitative philosophy is a simple explanation of the research data. Through it, there is a comprehension of the underlying explanations, views, and inspirations on organizational change as the study. Qualitative has a great significance since it provides understanding on the problem of study or it helps the researcher to develop the hypothesis required for the study. It uses structured and semi-structured techniques that is focus groups, one on one interviews and observation. Through this, the sample size is relatively small, and a few respondents are selected to provide a given information. The use of small sample size and few respondents make the use qualitative methods most desirable. Ideally, most people find qualitative methods to be simple and easier to work with. It is a fact that having any respondents always analyze data to be quite a cumbersome task not only to the researcher but also to the people reading the research. Research would be less useful if it can only be inter preted by the people who conducted the research. The work of a research paper is always to report the findings of a study. This reporting become beneficial to everyone only if it is done in a way that would be easily understood. This explanation proves why the qualitative methods would be more desirable. Quantitative methods quantify the situation by generating numerical data or data can be transferred into statistics that can be used. This philosophy is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors and another variable to obtain data of the larger sample population. This quantitative philosophy is more structured as compared to qualitative since it includes surveys, face to face interviews, longitudinal studies, website studies, polls and systematic observation (Van de Ven, and Poole, 1995, pp. 520). The use of quantitative methods supplements the qualitative approaches. This supplementation is in a sense they help in giving value to the aspects being studied. Assigning values or quantities to research makes it more realistic and applicable in real life situation. The study uses qualitative philosophy since it requires a small sample from the Central Administrative Services Tobago (C.A.S.T, the number of respondents needed to represent the whole or the entire population is low. The philosophy has various limitations that are; the quality of the research is highly dependent on skills of the researcher, and it is easily influenced by the biases, and in addition accuracy it is hard to maintain, assess and demonstrate on the data, it is time-consuming method on the analysis and interpretation of data due to the amount of data, its hard to understand and interpret, and the respondents are affected due to the presence of the researcher during data collection since they cannot respond well. On the other hand, during data collection using this technique the issue of confidentiality is difficult hence some information might miss (Kumar, S., and Phrommathed. Pp. 45). These limitations can be reduced only by the researcher. To have a high-quality researc her, the person conducting the research must be highly skilled. This helps in avoiding any errors that could arise during the research. Identification of other biases of the research early enough is also useful in ensuring high quality of the research being done. As mentioned earlier, the qualitative methods always give an enormous amount of information. The challenge with this kind of data or information is of interpretation. So much effort is put in trying to make sense of the information provided by the research. Data Sources And Collection Methods The use questionnaires were the most important instrument which will be used to gather the primary data; the researcher used a mixture of both types of questions that are open-ended and closed-ended questions where the liker scale will be utilized that strongly disagrees, disagree, neutral, agree and strongly concur in a table form. The use of questionnaire has a greater significance since it is easy to administer, they are less costly, and they ensure a greater depth of response. Using a questionnaire, the capture of information is more efficient and useful for the study questionnaires are more economical and has appropriate reasons (Reinharz and Davidman, 1992). The researcher used observation method to view documents and observe the behavior of participants to gather information. The researcher, in this case, viewed both published and unpublished literature based on different texts related to the topic of study that various textbooks and journals. The researcher also observed the behavior of the participants in the field. Observation is easy in access to situations and people where questionnaires and interviews can't work; they are good in explaining the content and give first-hand information, enhances depth understanding of the research hence easy to analyze data. On the other hand, observations are time-consuming, and its hard to study the past occurrence alternatively they don't have other option they depend on the documents available. The method of observation gives first-hand information in the research. (Goldman, Schloss, and Statger, 1976, pp. 230). The researcher will use structured, semi-structured and unstructured interviews. In a structured interview, the researcher will use a set of questions in each order which is closed-ended questions. The formal interview is easy to test for the reality of the information or data gathered, and they are easy to conduct as it takes a brief period enhancing broad cross-section of data can be obtained. Interviews also have; limitations to the users that is they are no flexible that is the order or the schedule required in the interview should be followed, and the answers given lack required details. Sometimes questionnaires designed for the research are also administered in the form of interviews. (Aguilera, 2007, pp. 840). An unstructured interview is where sometimes interview schedule are not used thus it only has open-ended questions some can be added or removed in the headway. They have significance since they are more flexible as some question can be added, they generate qualitative data and finally, they give a depth understanding as they give the interviewer an opportunity to ask more. An unstructured interview is time-consuming to gather information from the respondents, and it is expensive to train and employ interviewers (Zhou, David, and Li. 2007). Focus groups it is a method of data collection where a group of people is interviewed on their ideas, perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes. Through focus groups, it is easy to establish first-hand information in the study, and it gives an opinion from the respondent on how to settle the problem. Focus groups do not provide information in-depth hence resulting in gaps. Focus groups are instrumental methods of obtaining information. Just the idea of having specialist in a field seeking answers from a subject of study is noble. From the focus groups, the topic of research is often exploited widely and issues viewed from different angles. As stated earlier, the information obtained from the focus group discussions can never be outdated. Errors in the research are best avoided by ensuring that every member of the focus is a specialist in the matter being discussed. This is done because having less informed people in the discussion groups may lead to false information or sometimes. Current research greatly encourages the use of focus groups especially for research on the contemporary issues in the society. Study Sample And Sampling Techniques The researcher will select a small number of subjects which will be obtained from accessible and representative of the population. The researcher will use stratified random approach to select the data required this is because of the population ratio in the region. The approach has no biases since it obtains information in the form of sex, age, and levels. The researcher used 60% of the population to gather data. People identified through the stratified random approach would take part of this study by filling questionnaires. The questionnaires would give their view with regards to the topic being discussed. Data provided by the questionnaires would either give results to qualitative or quantitative data. This occurs based on the type of the questions asked by the questionnaires. The questionnaire must always be provided with consent forms. Moreover, before the issuing of the questionnaires, the people to fill the questionnaires must be assured of the confidentiality of the information they provide. This procedure would help ensure the honesty of the respondents. With honesty, errors in the data are significantly reduced. The sample size of the study is also a critical issue to look at during the study. Sample size would help in the calculation of the statistical parameter of the survey. Sample size can be in the form of classes that categorize the respondents based on the groups they belong to in the study, or it can comprise an estimated number of respondent per class. The example of the sample size given in table 3.1 classified the respondents based on their line of duty in the location of the research. The figures must have an estimate of the percentage of each class in the sample. The researcher will use stratified random techniques to select the required data or sample size because distinct levels of respondents will be used to give information. In probability, there is the fact that every individual in the population of research will have an equal chance to be selected. Through probability, the confidence intervals and margin errors will occur invalidating the results of the research. The researcher will divide the sample into different strata, at the final stage selection subjects will be obtained by this technique of probability creates a sample. This technique produces features which are proportional to the sample gathered. Non-probability uses on- random processes for the verdict and expediency hence researcher should determine the appropriateness of the research. This technique is easy and faster making the cost of researching to be low (Kothari, 2004). Secondary data will be gathered in the form of case studies which will be carried out in journal articles, books in the field and from the unpublished sources from within the Central Administrative Services Tobago (C.A.S.T). The use of secondary data is critical in establishing the background of the study being done. The sources from which the secondary information is obtained must be updated and relevant to the topic of the research. Reliability and validity Reliability is the ability to yield the result when different trials have been made, or in simple terms, it is the capacity to be depended upon by the researcher. Due to the use of secondary data from the reliable sources, the information can be regarded as credible. The researchers' reliance on the secondary information in the making conclusion further strengthens the reliability index. Most of the sources of primary data such as observation and interviews may be biased because respondents who are contacted were freely willing to give away their information to our survey in the field of study (Neuman and Lawrence, 2002). Obtaining a reliable data is the aim of any researcher during the study. Conclusions from reliable data can always be cited and even inferred in future. On the other hand, validity is the extent to which a test accurately measures what is supposed to be measured. Considering the dynamic changes that take place in the field, it is quite a task to enhance validity over a longer period. The validity of the research may, therefore, be interfered with because of the time lapse between the time collection of data took place and the period in which analysis and conclusion were done. Validity will also be checked during piloting to ensure that all items in the main study are functioning and it enhances data obtained to be reliable in representing a concept in the field of study. The pre-test was done in an area of the survey which is not included during the actual research undertaking. Furthermore, reliance on secondary data may generate a reliability problem on the objective thus variance from the objective of the researcher who compiled the secondary data which research is relying upon. A valid and reliable data can sometimes be accurate ( Amburgey, Kelly, and Barnett, 1990, pp. 162). Data Analysis Techniques The data will be analyzed, validated, coded, entered and cleared to detect the missing gaps in the field. The data is analyzed using the quantitative analysis process which is appropriate for the users since it focuses on large volumes of data. The first step, the researcher defined the problem of the research after which a model for the research was developed. The researcher focused on acquiring data in which the developing the solution is followed, the solution which has been prepared will be tested if it is appropriate. The results will be analyzed by the researcher, and finally, there will be need of implementing the product into the practical field. In quantitative analysis, the researcher will prepare testable proportions of data which will be gathered from the field that is turning it from images or words to numbers (Welman, Kruger and Mitchell, 2005, pp.37). The qualitative technique is concerned with small samples of the population, where data was prepared for checking if it is relevant to the study of organizational change, after which data relationships and trends were examined by the researcher. Test such as pilot test will be carried out to test the significance of the relationships in the field and the differences that may occur. Small samples may sometimes not give the information that is expected from the study. This begs the need to use the quantitative approach in obtaining samples. In this case, the data would be significant and sometimes challenge even to collect and analyze (Koul, 2009). Regarding categories of data analysis such as descriptive, exploratory, inferential and casual the selection, there will the use of qualitative analysis which considered the patterns, colors, and numbers. Tables and graphs will be the most appropriate techniques to be used in presenting findings on the organizational chance if it is effective. Bar graphs are suitable to represent a large amount of data and as are easy to construct, more attractive and easy to examine. Statistical interpretations are best made using calculations. The calculations would aid in the tabulation of the data and further graphical representation. Accuracy should be considered at all time to ensure the information presented is free of bias. It is worth noting that any error in the representation of data would still lead to wrong conclusions for the study. The analysis of data is what forms the basis of the discussion. The results section only presents the information that should be analyzed. This, therefore, explains the need for accuracy at every step of data collection, representation and analysis (Preffers, 2007, pp. 67). Research Ethics Ethics are the prescribed procedure of conducting the research in confirmative with the written laws and expectations. The research was conducted in an honest manner. Data were analyzed and the outcome reported without any bias. The interpretation of data, peer review and writing of grants, was carried out objectively with minimal bias. The confidentiality of information and the informants was strictly respected. References Kumar, S. and Phrommathed, P., 2005. Research methodology (pp. 43-50). Springer US. Kothari, C.R., 2004. Research Methodology: Methods and techniques. New Age International. Reinharz, S. and Davidman, L., 1992. Feminist methods in social research. Oxford University Press. Neuman, Lawrence, L.W., 2002. Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Glaser, B. G., 1978. Theoretical sensitivity: Advances in methodology of grounded theory. Sociology Pr. Fedor, D. B., Caldwell, S. and Herold, D.M., 2006. The effects of organizational changes on employee commitment: A multilevel investigation. Personnel Psychology, 59(1), pp. 1-29 Amburgey, T.L., Kelly, D. and Barnett, W.P., 1990, August. Resetting the clock: The dynamics of organizational change and failure. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol.1990, No.1, pp. 160-164). Academy of Management. Zhou KZ, David KT, Li JJ. 2007. Organizational changes in emerging economies: Drivers and consequences. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(2), pp. 248-263. Goldman RD, Schloss, J.A. and Stanger, J.M., 1976. Organizational changes of actin-like microfilaments during animal cell movement. Cell Motility, 3, pp. 217-246. Lin, Y.M., and Zhu, T., 2001. Ownership restructuring in Chinese state industry: an analysis of evidence on initial organizational changes. The China Quarterly, 166, pp. 305-341. Marczyk, G., DeMatteo, D., and Festinger, D., 2005. Essentials of Research design and methodology. John Wiley Sons Inc. Koul, L., 2009. Methodology of Educational Research, 4Enew E. Vikas publishing house PVT Ltd. Welman, C., Kruger, F. and Mitchell, B., 2005. Research methodology (pp. 35-40). Cape Town: Oxford University Press. Prefers, K., Tuunanen, T., Rothenberger, M.A and Chatterjee, s. 2007. A design science research methodology for information systems research. Journal of management information systems, 24(3), pp.45-77. Van de Ven, A.H., and Poole, M.S., 1995. Explaining development and change in organizations. Academy of management review, 20(3), pp. 510-540. Aguilera, R.V., Rupp, D.E., Williams, C.A, and Ganapathi, J., 2007. Putting the S back in corporate social responsibility: a multilevel theory of social change in organizations. Academy of management review, 32(3), pp. 836-863.

30 Stunning Opening Lines From Famous Works of Literature

30 Stunning Opening Lines From Famous Works of Literature From the scandalous opening lines of Vladimir Nabokovs Lolita to the arsonist rant that begins Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451, weve collected some of the most stunning literary openers out there. If you are a writer looking for inspiration for your own novels opening, look no further, weve got you covered.Through the fence, between the curling flower spaces, I could see them hitting.William Faulkner, The Sound and the FuryShips at a distance have every mans wish on board.Zora Neale Hurston, Their Eyes Were Watching GodIt was a pleasure to burn.Ray Bradbury, Fahrenheit 451You better not never tell nobody but God.Alice Walker, The Color PurpleHe- for there could be no doubt of his sex, though the fashion of the time did something to disguise it- was in the act of slicing at the head of a Moor which swung from the rafters.Virginia Woolf, OrlandoThe cold passed reluctantly from the earth, and the retiring fogs revealed an army stretched out on the hills, resting.Stephen Crane, The Red Badg e of CourageIt is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.Jane Austen, Pride and PrejudiceCall me Ishmael. Some years ago - never mind how long precisely - having little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on shore, I thought I would sail about a little and see the watery part of the world.Herman Melville, Moby DickOnce upon a time and a very good time it was there was a moocow coming down along the road and this moocow that was coming down along the road met a nicens little boy named baby tuckoo†¦James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist of Young ManWheres Papa going with that axe? said Fern to her mother as they were setting the table for breakfast.E B White, Charlottes WebI first met Dean not long after my wife and I split up. I had just gotten over a serious illness that I wont bother to talk about, except it had something to do with the miserably weary split-up and my feeling that e verything was dead.Jack Kerouac, On the RoadMother died today. Or maybe yesterday; I cant be sure.Albert Camus, The StrangerLolita, light of my life, fire of my loins. My sin, my soul.Vladimir Nabokov, LolitaIt was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way – in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only.Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two CitiesAs Gregor Samsa awoke one morning from uneasy dreams he found himself transformed in his bed into a monstrous vermin.Franz Kafka, Me tamorphosisQuiet as its kept, there were no marigolds in the fall of 1941.Toni Morrison, The Bluest EyeIn my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that Ive been turning over in my mind ever since. Whenever you feel like criticizing any one, he told me, just remember that all the people in this world havent had the advantages that youve had.The Great Gatsby, F. Scott FitzgeraldThe sun shone, having no alternative, on the nothing new.Samuel Beckett, MurphyThere was a boy called Eustace Clarence Scrubb, and he almost deserved it.C.S. Lewis, The Voyage of the Dawn TreaderIt was a bright, cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen.George Orwell, 1984The sky above the port was the color of television, tuned to a dead channel.William Gibson, NeuromancerThey shoot the white girl first.Toni Morrison, ParadiseI had the story, bit by bit, from various people, and, as generally happens in such cases, each time it was a different story.Edith Wharton, Ethan FromeIf you really want to hear about it, the first thing youll probably want to know is where I was born, and what my lousy childhood was like, and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me, and all that David Copperfield kind of crap, but I dont feel like going into it, if you want to know the truth.J. D. Salinger, The Catcher in the RyeI am a sick man†¦ I am a spiteful man.Fyodor Dostoevsky, Notes from UndergroundWhat if this young woman, who writes such bad poems, in competition with her husband, whose poems are equally bad, should stretch her remarkably long and well-made legs out before you, so that her skirt slips up to the tops of her stockings?Gilbert Sorrentino, Imaginative Qualities of Actual ThingsFrancis Marion Tarwaters uncle had been dead for only half a day when the boy got too drunk to finish digging his grave and a Negro named Buford Munson, who had come to get a jug filled, had to finish it and drag the body from the breakfast table where it wa s still sitting and bury it in a decent and Christian way, with the sign of its Saviour at the head of the grave and enough dirt on top to keep the dogs from digging it up.Flannery OConnor, The Violent Bear It AwayOf all the things that drive men to sea, the most common disaster, Ive come to learn, is women.Charles Johnson, Middle PassageWe were somewhere around Barstow on the edge of the desert when the drugs began to take hold.Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing in Las VegasI am a camera with its shutter open, quite passive, recording, not thinking.Christopher Isherwood, Goodbye To Berlin

102 MLA Style and Peer Review Professor Ramos Blog

102 MLA Style and Peer Review Quick Write Quick Write He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves, and sharpens our skill. Our antagonist is our helper. – Edmund Burke Write for two minutes on this quote. MLA Style Why do we cite sources in academic writing? Establishes credibility. A road map. Scholarship is an ongoing conversation. It gives credit. Acknowledges those that contributed to your ideas. We will be going over the 8th edition MLA citation Style. You can look under our  resources page  for MLA or APA guides. There are three things to consider for each style guide you use: Page Formatting In-Text Citations /References Page In-Text Citation Also called parenthetical citations. One Author: (Ramos 1) Two Authors: (Smith and Ramos 1) Three or more Authors: (Ramos et al. 1) Peer Review Argument –  a reason or set of reasons given with the aim of persuading others that an action or idea is right or wrong. Remember, an argument uses reasons and evidence to persuade. Have you provided enough reasons and evidence to convince us that a) the problem is clear, and b) the proposed solution makes sense? This is the first of many peer reviews. Keep these things in mind. Peer edit the same way you revise your own work. Be specific in identifying problems or opportunities. Offer suggestions for improvement. Praise what is genuinely good in the paper. For the Proposal, make sure you: Define the problem Recognize an audience Create, explain, and justify a plan of action. Persuade readers of the problem and proposed solution. Problem Solution Example â€Å"The Danger of a Single Story† by  Chimamanda Adichie. To quote a  CNN article on the Danger of a Single Story: Nigerian author Chimamanda Adichie believes in the power of stories, and warns that hearing only one about a people or nation leads to ignorance. She says the truth is revealed by many tales. She illustrates this with a story about coming to the United States, as a middle-class daughter of a professor and an administrator, and meeting her college roommate. Adichie says that her roommate’s â€Å"default position toward me, as an African, was a kind of patronizing, well-meaning, pity. My roommate had a single story of Africa. A single story of catastrophe.† Adichie also tells how growing up in Nigeria reading only American and English children’s books made her deaf to her authentic voice. As a child, she wrote about such things as blue-eyed white children eating apples, thinking brown skin and mangos had no place in literature. That changed as she discovered African writers, particularly the Nigerian Chinua Achebe. This is a great quote that highlights some of the moves we need to do in our article. It summarizes her topic, problem she is addressing, and solution; including examples she uses. Topic:  Many people do not realize that they are getting only one story. A single story is incomplete and she says dangerous. Problem:  Having a single story about an issue or group of people leads to stereotypes and incomplete information. Solution:  To look for multiple stories of whatever issue or topic you are hearing. She recommends we get our news and stories from multiple perspectives. Reasons and evidence:  She gives examples from her personal life to highlight that she has a personal connection. Background:  She gives background information, citing quotes and examples that place her issue in a historical context. She also uses current examples to place the issue in a contemporary context. Quick Write What is your plan of action for revising your essay?

Foster Children That Received Improved Relationship From Foster Essay

Foster Children That Received Improved Relationship From Foster Parents Can Develop Secure Attachment - Essay Example This is due to the lack of time for working parents, specifically mothers, to nurse for their children. Likewise, growing costs of home care also allowed for professional foster caregivers a better option. It is therefore necessary to find out and seek best environments for children needing foster care but this cannot be established without extensive research and findings. Dozier et al (2001) suggested that babies in foster care "organize their attachment behavior around the availability of their new caregivers" although acknowledged that it is possible that previous experiences lessen the babies' chances of forming trusting relationships with new caregivers. This study will specifically find out if foster children that received improved or high quality relationship from the foster parents can develop secure attachment. It will answer the question will foster children that received high quality or improved relationship from the foster parents can develop secure attachment Since there are several acknowledged factors that suggest attachment behaviors are organized around the availability of caregivers (Dozier et al, 2001), this study proposes that foster children that received improved or high quality... It will try to establish definitive structure of a "quality relationship" and "secure attachment" and how these could be developed in a foster care setting. Likewise, it will also distinguish foster parental from professional foster care in relation to caring foster children in the process. This study will be relevant as a guide for future and present caregivers, whether foster parents or professional care providers for children from infanthood to pre-school or even schooling children. Dozier et al (2001) suggested that it is necessary to establish attachment quality "because it reflects the quality of the (children's) relationship with the caregiver and [] it is associated with the child's later interpersonal functioning." Likewise, the three aspects: internalizing behavior, externalizing behavior and trouble with peers shall also be considered in this research as these are qualitative factors that define the aim of this study. Background of the Study: Marcus (1991) established that children are "placed in foster care when any local Department of Social Services and the courts have determined that current parental care for those children has fallen below acceptable community standards and the child is at risk to be harmed." While Ericksona and Egeland (1987) proposed that "foster care may be haven from further neglect or abuse," it is possible that child may bring to this arrangement the sequel of maltreatment, including feelings of rejection, lowered self-esteem, mistrust and resentment. Marcus (1991) provided for basis of quality care in the form of social supports, perception of affection from adults, and the quality of

Schumpeter''s Theory of Creative Destruction Term Paper

Schumpeter''s Theory of Creative Destruction - Term Paper Example The phrase as used by Schumpeter has very little similarity with the one that was used by Marx. Therefore, the phrase became popular within the neo-liberal and free-market economics as it was employed to describe processes like downsizing in order to enhance the efficacy and dynamism of an organization. Therefore, creative destruction can be described as a process whereby something new results in the destruction of what had been in existence before it. The phrase is employed in a number of areas like economics, development of products, corporate governance as well as marketing and technology. For instance, creative destruction in product development is almost similar to disruptive technology and a common example is the smartphone that has ended the life of the regular phone, mp3 players, cameras and watches among other devices in the market. In relation to marketing, creative destruction can be identified in the advertising campaigns that focus new and lucrative markets while risking alienation of the markets that had been in existence. According to the theory development by Schumpeter, creative destruction will result in consequent failure of capitalism as an economic system, but in the present business use, the phrase refers denotes unpleasant options that are perceived necessary for sustainability. In regard to business, the corporate executives regularly describe solutions to reduce costs that are not popular with the rest of the employees such as downsizing and outsourcing as form of creative destruction. The consequence of this is that even though these actions may be considered as injurious particularly to the affected employees, the business will be transformed for the better. This paper seeks to understand the theory that was developed by Schumpeter concerning creative destruction and it has affected capitalism in the current economy. Schumpeter’s main message is that the

The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Liberal World Politics Politics Essay

The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Liberal World Politics Politics Essay Liberalism is a principle in Global politics theory that that is based on the hope of diligence, reason and universal ethics and that with the application of this the world will become a more orderly, ethical and cooperative. By achieving this it is hoped that international war can monitored by Non-governmental organisations. Liberalism is a philosophy championed by western nations such as the United Kingdom and the USA and some Non- Governmental organisations such as the United Nations. Liberals advocate the use of military force in order to help people for example Tony Blair invaded Iraq because Saddam Hussein inflicted pain and violence on his population. Infringing peoples rights is typically against Liberal thinking because they believe in the sanctity of human rights and an end to human suffering. Another Liberal philosophy is to export their own domestic policies into the foreign arena, for example in Britain the current government wants to eradicate poverty, it exports this d omestic policy to third world countries to try and eliminate poverty. But as with every international paradigm there are strengths and weaknesses. Collective security is a strength of the liberal perspective on world politics. Collective security replaces the realist idea of self help. For example in 1990 Iraq invaded Kuwait. The international community responded to expel Iraq from Kuwait. The Liberal countries did this to preserve liberty and resolve security in the Middle East. John Baylis and Steve Smith argue that Liberalism is primarily a theory of government, one that seeks to reconcile order (security) and justice (equality) within a particular community. (Baylis and Smith, 2001, pg 163.) Liberals argue the need for collective security as to prevent the world falling into international anarchism and up hold human rights, democracy and a free market where people are free to trade. Liberals believe in international cooperation as a way to great global harmony this can be seen to be coupled with collective security as a way to achieve this. Liberal ideas and trends often over take local ideas which can be viewed as totalitarian, a view taken by Booth and Smith, the assumption that universal norms and values will triumph over those based on particular local contexts is a feature which contemporary liberalism, (Booth and Smith, 1995, pg 92). The harmonising of greater international cooperation can be seen through the creation of the United Nations which tries to peacefully sort out countries disputes; it also tries to promote liberalism. A strong case for Liberalism is that it can be viewed as peaceful due to the history of liberalism, never have two liberal democracies gone to war which shows the level of cooperation between them and that the balance of power within the world has been upset by authoritarian regimes and outdated ideas and polices, the strand in li beral thinking which holds that the natural order has been corrupted by undemocratic state leaders and outdate polices, (Baylis and Smith, 2001, pg 178). Liberal politics has shown to protect the harmony of interests, through commerce and travel. For example the European Union can be seen as the official regulator of interests in Europe because they try to harmonise trade and travel to prevent any disputes. Liberal perspective on world politics is that they believe in minimal state intervention in peoples lifes they believe that this is the fundamental as it does not pose the risk of infringing on people human rights or interfere with the free market. Liberals argue about the preservation of individual liberty such as the freedom of free speech and freedom to trade. These are some fundamental guidelines which Liberal democracies adhere to. F. A. Hayek argues that Liberals try not to repress or discriminate their populace, every individual should be protected against all attempts to enforce them by violence or aimed discrimination. (Hayek, 1975, page 75). The preservation of liberties is seen to liberals as the basis of society and that they want to export it as it is way in which in reducing world anarchism and prevent war. Liberal trade markets are also a way of keeping state intervention to a minimum. This is so to create international harmony and cooperation as countries are allowed to trade with each other. F.A. Hayek takes into account liberalism has to have some sort of minimal state intervention as to ensure there is perfect competition and no barriers to entry within the economy, it also tries to prevent the monopolisation of areas within the economy, economic theory calls perfect competition but that there are no obstacles to entry into each trade and that the market functions adequately in spreading information about opportunities, (Hayek, 1975, page 71). Liberals always argue that for minimal state intervention in peoples lives but increasingly state centralisation is taking root within society as a result of the state trying to eliminate poverty and providing health care for the masses. J. S. Mill argues that the more the state increases its intervention in peoples lives the more they seem to look to the state for direction which eliminates independent thought, if government offices were universally filled by ablest men to whom the rest of the community would look for all things: the multitude of direction and dictation in all they had to do. (Mill, 1989, pg 111) A weakness of Liberalism is that western democracies try exporting it to other countries that are sometimes unwilling to adopt. Liberalism only takes into account western values for example democracy, free speech and equality, amongst others. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ universalising mission of liberal values such as democracyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ undermine the traditions and practices of non-western cultures, (Baylis and Smith, 2001, pg 179). This shows that Liberal and typically western foreign policy has the ability to alienate other cultures. An example of the west trying to export democratic values in an ever internationally politicised world is on Iraq and Afghanistan, through the military intervention in Iraq 2003 and the attack on the Taliban in Afghanistan in 2001. A critique of the liberal perspective is that it wants to achieve world peace through international cooperation and the upholding of civil liberties, it operates with the goal of achieving world peace through cooperation and respect for human rights, (Larry Wilde, 2009, pg 4). Some countries see this as weakness and are prepared to exploit this to try and achieve concessions through taking advantage of Liberalism for example North Korea trying to get concessions for giving up nuclear weapons. A weakness of the liberal perspective on the world is that of the Liberal institutionalism. This is the liberalisation of world institutions such as the European Union. Many countries see the benefits of joining the European Union such as the freedom to access European trade markets and expand their economies that they are willing to risk and give up national sovereignty to join, The development of the European Union the benefits of membership have proved so great that states have been prepared to pool sovereignty and adjust their legal systems (Larry Wilde, 2009, pg 2). Realists view this much scepticism as they dont see why a country would want give up their own national sovereignty. A liberal perspective on the world has its strengths and weakness. Its strengths out way the weaknesses because Liberalism has influenced countries across the globe to operate free market economies which have adapted to globalisation and are now integrated into the global economy. The freedom of the economy has in some cases led to countries allowing freedom of speech and other basic human rights but it has also helped to alleviate poverty in certain areas of the world. Liberalism has also produced a network of greater collective security that helps protect nation states from attacks by aggressors such as in the 1990s when states stepped in to stop the bloodshed of the Balkan civil war. International cooperation has also helped harmonised trade and security agreements amongst states; an example of this is the development of the European Union in Europe and led to greater bonds and peace between nations. The belief of Liberals to give aid to those in third world countries has greatly helped and improved the lives of so many. Word count- 1389

Issues of Product Costing Essay

The topic states that is product costing important for virtual organisations that are outsourcing their production operations. Virtual organisations are those corporation that operate in the world of e-business or e-commerce. A virtual organisation can be defined as â€Å"Composed of several business partners sharing costs and resources for the purpose of producing a product or service†¦ can be temporary†¦ or it can be permanent. Each partner contributes complementary resources that reflect its strengths, and determines its role in the virtual corporation† Turban, E. , McLean, E. and Wetherbe J. (1999) Information Technology for Management. 2nd Ed. The key characteristic of the virtual organisations is it ability to change in a rapid and adaptable response to changing markets whether these arise as a result of globalisation, changing cost structures, changing customer needs and wants, or other similar reasons. The needs and requirements of virtual organisations require that each employee have the skills to contribute directly to the value chain of product and service design, production, marketing and distribution, thus contributing directly to the â€Å"bottom line†. Virtual Organisations are at simplicity with the initiative of porous and changing organisational limitations, changing their skills and skill levels through outsourcing and alliances. It is an organisation that has a low cost, high response, effective in utilisation of resources, empowerment of staff, low level of bureaucracy and high combination of Information Technology to support business processes and knowledge workers. Some examples of cyberspace organisation are Amazon. om and Ebay. com that operate its business activity through the Internet. Outsourcing is the process of purchasing goods and services from outside vendors rather than producing the same goods or providing the same services within the organisation. The single most important strategic reason for outsourcing is to reduce or control operating costs. In an Outsourcing Institute survey, companies reported an average 9% reduction.

Frankenstein and Blade Runner Essay

The texts, Frankenstein and Blade Runner reflect changing contextual values; however the treatment of content remains the same. Mary Shelley’s didactic Frankenstein published in 1818 centres on scientific advancement of the Industrial Revolution, as presented through a consolidation of Gothic and Romantic elements in response to the shifting paradigms of the Enlightenment Age. Similarly, Blade Runner directed by Ridley Scott in 1982, transforms the notions of Frankenstein to position its postmodern audience to consider the negative ramifications of the Cold War and the rise of capitalism. These contextual ideas will be explored through the thematic concerns pertaining specifically to the destructive potential of abusing scientific power, the flawed responsibility of man as creator and the nature of humanity. Indeed, Blade Runner is a realisation of the sublime warnings highlighted by Shelley’s Frankenstein in 1818. Destructive potential of abusing scientific power Frankenstein highlights the destructive potential of abusing science through overpowering human morality and provoking irresponsibility. The 18th Century Age of Enlightenment was a social movement where logic and reason was advocated as the primary source of authority, characterised by scientific advancements such as Galvani’s concept of electricity as a reanimating force and theorists such as Erasmus Darwin. Hence, Walton’s metaphor, influenced by Age of Enlightenment, â€Å"What may not be expected in a country of eternal light? † is mantric for both Walton and Frankenstein who display a â€Å"thirst for knowledge† in their respective scientific quests. The metaphor and symbol of â€Å"eternal light† represents the mysteries the pair wish to uncover and accompanied with rhetorical question it reflects the optimism of society embracing the Age of Enlightenment. However, the irrevocable consequences of abusing scientific power is highlighted when Frankenstein says, â€Å"â€Å"All my speculations and hopes are as nothing, and like the archangel who aspired to omnipotence, I am chained to an eternal hell. † as he is tormented by the â€Å"filthy daemon† he creates; a monster â€Å"even Dante could not have conceived. The allusions to John Milton’s Paradise Lost and Dante Alighieri’s Inferno through metaphor and simile emphasises the destructive potential of abusing scientific power as Frankenstein’s environment decays into hell. This caution of the destructive potential of abusing science is realised in Blade Runner through Scott’s mise-en-scene of the dystopian urban wasteland of 2019 Los Angeles, emphasising the destruction of the natural environment as a result of the Cold War’s nuclear threat and rise of consumerism. In the opening sequence, the slow-panning panorama shot, under chiaroscuro lighting, captures a hellish megalopolis with huge smokestacks spewing fire into the atmosphere and large pagan corporate edifices towering over the city. This disorienting imagery is coalesced with violent, non-diegetic sounds and visuals of constant rain, symbolizing concerns of acidic rain and the burning of the environment. Hence, Scott’s utilization of futuristic â€Å"film noir† cinematography establishes a grim, claustrophobic environment that is completely devoid of the natural world. By depicting such dystopia and understanding contextual concerns such as the capitalist deregulation and the ‘trickle down’ theory of Reagan’s era, Scott applies Shelley’s â€Å"Promethean† motif to caution viewers about the potential environmental dangers of abusing modern technology and nuclear warfare, which were widespread social concerns at the time due to the climax of the Cold War. Flawed responsibility of men as creator Frankenstein highlights how unrestrained science undermines man’s responsibility as creator. Shelley’s era was a time of religious revival where philosophers such as Kierkegaard asserted spirituality was more than â€Å"objective appearance† and demanded engagement. In both texts, several biblical allusions are made to the image of man usurping the title of â€Å"creator† and creation becoming the forsaken â€Å"fallen angel. † Hence Victor’s Godly damnation reflects man as illegitimate to play the role of God: â€Å"Wretched devil! You reproach me with your creation; come on, then, may I extinguish the spark which I so negligently bestowed. Through the emotive biblical language and poetic allusion to â€Å"Milton’s Paradise Lost†, Shelley evokes the retelling of Satan’s fall from grace, where the monster’s likeness to the â€Å"fallen angel,† exacerbates the notion that man, corrupted by the moral insensitivity of science, is flawed as creator. Moreover, the â€Å"spark† alludes to the â€Å"eternal light† which irresponsibly leads to the immoral creation of a monster that is both extravagant and aberrant. This is illustrated by the graphic imagery of the monster’s impurity such as â€Å"skin arely covered† and â€Å"yellow eye† alongside the creature’s painful personal recollections through direct use of the first person, â€Å"I was a poor, helpless, miserable wretch. I knew, and could distinguish, nothing; but feeling pain invade me on all sides. † Hence, Shelley highlights to readers in the Enlightenment period that innate selfishness of men corrupts the moral grounding of scientific pursuit rendering man as illegitimate to play the role of God. The issue of mankind as selfish creators, disengaged from institutionalized structures such as Christendom, is extended in Blade Runner in the â€Å"meeting of the maker’ scene. Tyrell ruthlessly exploits his economic power by separating himself from the decaying dystopia of Los Angeles. Tyrell’s fundamentally flawed intentions are personified in the Tyrell Corporation’s edifice of a Grandiose, Mayan style pyramid physically exerting a powerful dominance over the city. It is presented through an upward panning low angle shot, spliced with close up shots to reinforce the dominance of consumerist progress in dystopia. The pyramid’s historical association with Egyptian royalty links them with the divine, typifying Tyrell’s ‘God-like’ role as creator. This is reinforced in Tyrell’s costuming of white clothing amidst long shots of a candle-lit church atmosphere, typifying his glorified religious status. Moreover the low-angle shots of the ‘artificial owl’ with dark shadows emphasises the extent to which the natural environment has been artificially remodeled due to the rise of consumerism in the 1980s. Hence, the dehumanised portray of Victor Frankenstein and Tyrell demonstrates that despite differering contexts, science leads to an abandonment of moral responsibility and man is flawed as creator. What constitutes humanity in an individual Frankenstein highlights the true nature of humanity as influenced by the 18th Century Romantic Movement. The 18th Century Romantic Movement was a social reaction against the 18th Century Age of Enlightenment, characterised by stressing the beauty of the natural world and emotional feeling. The natural world’s splendour is highlighted as Frankenstein flees to Mont Blanc for conciliatory peace away from his torment. â€Å"The unstained snowy mountain-top, the glittering pinnacle †¦ the eagle soaring amidst the clouds. † The Romantic and emotive language, imagery and allusion to Edmund Burke’s On the Sublime and the Beautiful portrays the beauty of the natural world, free from destructive science. Further humanity’s emotions are romanticised through the benevolent portrayal of the Monster. â€Å"No father had watched my infant days; no mother had blessed me with smiles and caresses†¦ What was I? † Through the combination of emotive language, a personal tone created through the personal pronoun â€Å"I† and a rhetorical question to question what constitutes humanity within a being, Shelley transcends the Gothic stereotype typically bestowed upon a monster to emphasise the monster’s human longings for parental love and companionship. Hence, as the Romantic Movement and its fascination with the sublimity of nature, was being overcome by the strict rationality of the Age of Enlightenment, Shelley foreworns of the destruction of the magnificence of humanity, both in the natural world and in human emotions, as a result of rampant science and irresponsibility. Similarly, the â€Å"more human than human† portrayal of Roy in Blade Runner also highlights our mistreatment of scientific creations as artificial commodities, blurring the distinction between humans and products of artificial intelligence. In the final scene, Scott uses a close-up shot at Roy’s nailed hands, literally portraying him as a Christ-like figure, as he is enslaved and morally detached from humanity from the goals of â€Å"commerce†. The condescending aphorism in Tyrell’s comment at Roy’s desperate cry for life, â€Å"the light that burns half as long, burns twice as bright† alludes to the â€Å"eternal light† in Frankenstein’s Age of Reason and its effects on humanity’s disregard for the human consequences of its actions. Hence Roy asserts â€Å"I’ve seen things you people wouldn’t believe†, which reflects about his personal, human pain and suffering as a result of the commoditised world. Furthermore, a close up of Roy, alongside the pure white background creates a cathartic moment as Roy becomes ‘the fallen angel’, magnanimously giving life to Deckard and instilling human qualities within him. It is through illustrating Roy’s sensitivity that Scott ‘appropriates’ Shelley’s dilemma of what constitutes humanity within any being, questioning the morality of the technology-dependent audience of the 1980s; as they take scientific creations for granted. Hence after suffering and succumbing to brutal dehumanisation, both Replicant and Beast have emotively evoked pathos and senses of profound solemnity. Ultimately, both Frankenstein and Blade Runner are products of their cultural milieu and forewarn us of the destructive potential of abusing science, illegitimately playing the role of God and the values of humanity that degrade our morality and responsibility. More subliminally, however, each text embodies the moral limitations of being human through the oppressive nature of scientific and technological advancement.

Current Performance and Strategic Posture of Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory Inc Free Essay Example, 5000 words

It is evidently clear from the discussion that for the year 2008 Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory Inc reported a net profit margin of 15.56%. This is fairly good and indicates that the management of the company has exercised good control over the administrative and operating expenses resulting in higher profitability margin. This is evident from the lower Retail operating expenses, Franchise costs, Sales marketing expenses etc in 2008 as compared to the previous year. Based on better cost management the company has also been able to earn a higher return on investment. In 2008 the company reported Return on Investment of 49%. This is quite good as it signifies that the company is creating wealth for the shareholders. In 2007 RMCF ranked 60 as per the annual listing of Forbes of 200 Best Small Companies of America. By the end of March 2008, the company owned five stores and had 329 franchised stores across 38 states and reported total revenues worth $31,878,183. The mission of RMCF is to be in the business of handmade chocolate manufacturing. When it started operations in 1981 this was the only industry other than car wash that had a significant demand which inspired Crail, the founder of RMCF to venture into this industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Current Performance and Strategic Posture of Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory Inc or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page